ISBN: 0-9765288-4-3
Volume 10

Confident in Africa’s Future

Repositioning African Business and Development for the 21st Century
International Academy of African Business and Development (IAABD)


Peer-Reviewed Proceedings of the


10th Annual International Conference Held at: Speke Resort & Conference Centre Kampala, Uganda

May 19-23, 2009


Edited By: Simon P. Sigué
Athabasca University, Canada


Hosted By:
Makerere University Business School, Kampala, Uganda

Track 1: Accounting, Banking, Finance and Investment

Financial Reporting on the Internet by Quoted Companies in Nigeria
Rafiu Oyesola Salawu, Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria

Value Relevance of Accounting Information in Emerging Stock Market: The Case of Nigeria
Dorcas Titilayo Oyerinde, Covenant University, Nigeria

Nascent Technology Companies: Planning for Success and Safeguarding Intellectual Capital
Sanjoy Bose, New York Institute of Technology, UAE
Robert W. McGee, Florida International University, USA

Track 2: Africa and International Partners / Multilateral Organizations

Chinese Development Aid and Agribusiness Entrepreneurs in Africa
Anita Spring, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA

AGOA and FOCAC: Competing for African Markets Through Multilateral Trade Agreements
Emmanuel E. Obuah, Alabama A&M University, USA

Track 3: Agricultural Development, Agribusiness/economics, Ecology and Environment

Sustainable Intensive Farming and Climate Change in Africa
A. Obot, University of Calabar, Nigeria
I. Obot, University of Uyo, Nigeria
T. Umoh, University of Botswana, Botswana

The Chemist and Environmental Sustainability
Eneh, Onyenekenwa Cyprian, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria

Contents of Heavy Metals of two Edible Fish Pseudotolithus Senegalensis and
Arius heudeloti from Three Different Geographical Locations of Lagos State
K. I. Oshisanya, Nigeria Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, Nigeria
T. K. Oshisanya, Oberonkarph and Company, Nigeria

Track 4: Clusters, Relationships, Networks and Inter-firm Linkages

Characterizing African immigrant entrepreneurship in Finland
Evariste Habiyakare, HAAGA-HELIA University of Applied Sciences, Finland
Richard A Owusu, Hanken School of Economics, Finland
Otieno Mbare, Åbo Akademi University, Finland
Fidelis Landy, University of Helsinki, Finland

Conceptualising Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Social Investment:
The South African Context
Tidings P. Ndhlovu, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK

Knowledge Ecology and Knowledge Ecosystems at a South African University
Richard Shambare, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa
Bleming Nekati, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa

Track 5: Economic Development Policies and Strategies

Globalization and Development: A Critical View of a Spectator
Otieno Mbare, Åbo Akademi University, Finland

Linking Infrastructure with Future FDI, Income, and Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa
Gordon G. Mosley, Troy University, USA
David K. Amponsah, Troy University, USA

Track 7: Entrepreneurship, Small Business and the Informal Sector

Entrepreneurial Characteristics Among Small Business Owners and Non-Business
Owners in the Dakar Area
Italo Trevisan, Università di Trento, Italy

Environmental Constraints on Small Enterprises in Tanzania: A Case Study of the Retail Electrical, Retail Clothing, and Travel Industries in Dar Es Salaam
Victor Egan, Curtin University of Technology, Australia

An Overview of Financial Macro Business Environment in East Africa
Stephen Isabalija Robert, Makerere University, Uganda
Aloyce R. Kaliba, Southern University and A&M College, USA
Victor Mbarika, Southern University and A&M College, USA
Damien Ejigiri, Southern University and A&M College, USA

Microfinance and Enterprises Performance in Tanzania: Does Gender Matter?
Severine Kessy, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania


The Importance of Mentors, Networks and Partnerships in Enterprise Development -
Tales from Jinja, Uganda
Bob Gibbs, Research Works Group UK, UK
Jamie Simpson, Kayak the Nile, Uganda
Jared Taylor, Kayak Cruises, Uganda

What Impact do Economic Issues Have on the Survival of SMEs Entrepreneurs?
D.B. Tshabalala, University of South Africa, South Africa
EM Rankhumise. Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa

Competence and Critical Success Factor Development as an Avenue for Achieving Sustainable Micro and Small Enterprises in Africa
Allan Mulengani Katwalo, Strathmore University, Kenya
Fredah G. Mwiti, Strathmore University, Kenya

Firm Emergence: The Importance of Embeddedness to Firm Founders in Resource-
Poor Situations
Warren Byabashaija, Makerere University Business School, Uganda

Nigerian Content Policy in the Oil and Gas Industry: Implications for Small to Medium-Sized
Oil-Service Companies
Ugwushi Bellema Ihua, University of Kent, UK
Chris Ajayi, K10 Resources, Nigeria
Kamdi Nnanna Eloji, University of Birmingham, UK

Livestock Entrepreneurs from Northern Ghana: Their Motivations and Challenges
Kojo Saffu, Brock University, Canada
R.O. Apori, Takoradi Polytechnic, Ghana
A. Elijah-Mensah, Takoradi Polytechnic, Ghana
Kwame Oppong-Anane, OPORHU Agriculture & Rural Development Consult, Ghana

Government Expenditure and Income inequality in Tanzania: A Policy Dimension
Benjamin Mutagwaba, University of Dar es Salaam School of Business, Tanzania

Building Sustainable Business Development Services: Empirical Evidence from Kenya
Hellen Otieno, Strathmore University, Kenya
Olomi Donath R., University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Kiraka Ruth, Strathmore University, Kenya

Government Support for Small, Micro and Medium Enterprises (SMME’s) as a venture for Business and Economic Development in South Africa
Abel J. Diale, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa

Equilibrium Concepts and Entrepreneur
Pierre Le Roux, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa
Ronney Ncwadi, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Afric

Track 8: Exporting, Internationalization and Foreign Direct Investment

Labour As an Export: Estimating Uganda’s Exportable Labour Using a New Pro-poor
Index of Unemployment
Geoffrey Bakunda, Makerere University Business School, Uganda

Strategies of Qatari Family Businesses to Face Globalization
Mohamed Zain, College of Business & Economics, Qatar University, Qatar
Norizan M. Kassim, College of Business & Economics, Qatar University, Qatar
Fatima Al-Mohannadi, Qatargas Operating Company, Qatar

Uganda’s Supply Side Constraints and Performance of Exportable Products
in the Global Market
Matama Rogers, Makerere University Business School, Uganda
Byarugaba Pontius, Makerere University Business School, Uganda

The Eclectic Paradigm and Foreign Direct Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa
Emmanuel Cleeve, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK

Innovation and performance improvement among exporters in the Uganda
floriculture industry
Timothy Esemu, Makerere University Business School, Uganda
Eric Wood, University of Cape Town-Graduate School of Business, South Africa

Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Nigeria
Folorunso Sunday Ayadi,University of Lagos, Nigeria

Consequences of Host Country Threshold Regimes on Small Businesses
Samuel Yaw Akomea, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana

Factors Affecting Foreign Direct Investment Location in the Petrochemicals Industry:
The case of Saudi Arabia
Frederick Mmieh, Brunel Business School, Brunel University, UK
Fawaz BinSaeed, Brunel Business School, Brunel University, UK

Using a Joint Venture Entry Mode to Penetrate the Chinese Construction Industry:
The Case of Atkins Construction Consultancy
Cheewen Wang, Brunel University, UK

Plowing the Last Frontier of Globalization: Management Implications for
Africa’s Development
Nanda R. Shrestha, Florida A&M University, USA
Wilbur I. Smith, Florida A&M University, USA

Track 9: Gender and Economic Development

The “American Baby” Syndrome and the Migration of Ghanaian Women
Peace Mamle Tetteh, University of Ghana, Ghana

Track 10: Global Political Economy, Human Rights, & Criminology

Failed Development Vision, Political Leadership and Nigeria’s Underdevelopment
– A Critique
Eneh, Onyenekenwa Cyprian, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria

Migrant, Trafficked and Bonded Workers: Rights Abuse or Human Resource
Mis-Management?
Amos Owen Thomas, University of Botswana, Botswana

Track 11: Government Procurement and Public Sector Management

Mean Reversion And Revenue Forecasting In A Mono Product Nigeria
Felix O. Ayadi, Texas Southern University, USA
Johnnie Williams, Texas Southern University, USA
Ladelle M. Hyman, Texas Southern University, USA

Track 12: Health Care, social work and the Human Condition in Africa

Do Public Hospitals Respond to the Needs of All Patients in the New South Africa?
Femi Ayadi, University of Houston, USA
Johan de Jager and T. du Plooy, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa
Landmines, Human Conditions and International Businesses
Satyendra Singh, University of Winnipeg, Canada

Track 13: Human Resources, Management and Organization

Altruistic Love Culture and Workers’ Commitment in the Nigerian Manufacturing
Industry: A Study in Workplace Spirituality
Augustine Ahiauzu, Rivers State University of Science, Nigeria
Soye P. Asawo, International Centre for Management Research and Training, Nigeria

Human Factor, Organizational Justice and Perceived Organizational Effectiveness:
An Empirical Analysis from Ghana and Uganda
Moses Acquaah, University of North Carolina-Greensboro, USA
Eddy K. Tukamushaba, Makerere University, Uganda

The Decent Work Agenda in Kenya
Brenda L. Geren, New York Institute of Technology, Bahrain

Performance poverty or poverty of performance leadership? The centrality of performance management leadership and procedural justice in Africa’s quest for development
Isaac Wanzige Magoola, Makerere University Business School, Uganda

Emerging from performance poverty in Africa – towards a performance literacy
(performeracy) model
Isaac Wanzige Magoola, Makerere University Business School, Uganda

The Effect of Strategic Human Resource Management Practices on Performance of Manufacturing Multinational Companies in Kenya: A Moderating Role of Employee Cultural Orientations
Beatrice Dimba, Strathmore University, Kenya
Peter K’Obonyo, University of Nairobi, Kenya

An Assessment of the Effectiveness of Training and Development Function in Public Service Management Office in Tanzania
Theresia Dominic, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Severine Kessy, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Exploring the Abilene Paradox in Uganda: Pretended Agreement in Decision Making
Vincent Amooti Bagire, Makerere University Business School, Uganda

Leadership Crises and Nation Building in a Politically Turbulent Environment:
The Case of Eritrea
Desalegn Abraha, University of Skövde, Sweden

Divided Labour and divided in-firm markets in the Nigerian Petroleum sector
Chima Mordi, Brunel University, UK
Frederick Mmieh, Brunel University, UK

The Strides made by Private Sector in the Advancement of People with Disabilities:
A case of South Africa
E.M. Rankhumise, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa

Learning and Transferring Knowledge in and between Organizational Projects
Richard Boateng, Southern University, USA
Isabalija Robert Stephen, Southern University and A&M, USA
Robert Hinson, University of Ghana Business School, Ghana

Track 14: Information/Communication Technology and E-Business

E-Procurement and Marketing Performance in Corporate Organisations in Nigeria
N. Gladson Nwoka, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nigeria
Henry Ozuru, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Elizabeth I Ugoji, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nigeria

Evaluating Information Technology Investments - A Survey of Kenyan Commercial Banks
Elsie Khakasa, Strathmore University, Kenya

Track 15: Infrastructure and Business

Efficiency Measurement of the Urban Water and Sewerage Authorities (UWSAs) in
Tanzania: A Data Envelopment Analysis
Tobias A. Swai, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Track 16: Law, Social Responsibility and Ethics

Advertising to Children in Nigeria: Improving the status Quo for Enhanced Ethical
Marketing Practices
Ayantunji Gbadamosi, University of East London, UK

The Proposed Computer Laws of Uganda: Moving Toward Secure E-Commerce
Transactions and Cyber-Crime Control
Stephen E. Blythe, New York Institute of Technology, United Arab Emirates

International Rules Applicable to Contracts of International Transport of Goods:
Are Shippers Better Off?
Jean Claude Mutiganda, Pettersborg Oy and Åbo Akademi University, Finland

Indigenous Resource and Institutional Capital: Understanding its Role in
Private Sector Sustainable Development
Mike Valente, University of Victoria Business, Canada

The Law on Property Grabbing 3: Property and Inheritance Rights of HIV/AIDS Widows
and Orphans – The Law of Mozambique and the Standards of International Law
Peter W. Schroth, IRCG LLC and Lawyers Without Borders, USA
Lucy Martinez, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer US LLP, USA

Track 17: Logistics, Transportation and Supply Chain Management & Urban Planning

The Effect of Healthcare Supply Chain Logistics Expenditures on Economic Growth
James O. Bukenya, Alabama A&M University, USA
Chris Enyinda, Alabama A&M University, USA

Quantification of Risk Mitigation in Ghanaian Pharmaceutical Industry Supply Chain
Chris I. Enyinda, Alabama A & M University, USA
Chris H.N Mba, Mt. Olive College, USA
Franklyn Manu, Morgan State University, USA & GIMPA, Ghana
Stephen K. Adase, GIMPA, Ghana

Track 18: Marketing and Consumer Behavior

The Changing Nature of Contemporary Marketing Practices (CMP) in Ghana: A Test
of The Miles And Snow Strategic Typology
Robert Hinson, University of Ghana Business School, Ghana
Kofi Dadzie, Georgia State University, USA
Evelyn Winston, Clark Atlanta University, USA

The Role of Trust in Developing Business Relations between Fish Suppliers and
Export Firms in Eritrea
Mesfin Habtom, London Metropolitan University Business School, UK
Nana Owusu-Frimpong, London Metropolitan University Business School, UK
Clemens Lutz, University of Groningen, the Netherlands

Utilizing information in non-traditional export firm management in Ghana
Nana Owusu-Frimpong, London Metropolitan University, UK
Julius Dasah, GIMPA Business School, Ghana
Robert Hinson, University of Ghana Business School, Ghana

Bank Products and Services Importance Through Multidimensional Scaling: A Study
of Indian Small Enterprise Customers
Ganesan P., VIT Business School, VIT University, India
Augustine Rutamu, KIST, Rwanda & VIT University, India
Malimba Musafiri Papias, Commision for Higher Education, Rwanda & VIT University, India

Customers’ Perception of Relationship Marketing As a Strategic Tool in
The Nigerian Food And Beverages Industry.
Bolajoko Nkemdinim Dixon-Ogbechi, University of Lagos, Nigeria
Elizabeth M. Haran, Salem State College, USA
Joseph Aiyeku, Salem State College, Salem MA, USA

Factors that influence Youth in Nairobi in their evaluation of controversial advertisements
Irene Ngunjiri, Strathmore University, Nairobi, Kenya

Political Party Brand and Consumer Choice in Ghana
E. Yaw Tweneboah-Koduah, University of Ghana Business School, Ghana
Mathias Akotia, Ghana Institute of Management & Public Administration, Ghana
Charity S. Akotia, Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Ghana

Misplaced Marketing: Guerrilla Marketing of Tobacco/ Cigarettes to Children in Africa
Nnamdi O. Madichie, University of Sharjah, UAE
Satyendra Singh, University of Winnipeg, Canada

Marketing Culture, Psychology Wellness, Ethical Climate, Service Performance and Loyalty
Andrew Musiime, Makerere University Business School, Uganda
Joseph Ntayi, Makerere University Business School, Uganda
Musigire Samuel , Makerere University Business School, Uganda

Track 20: Tourism and Sustainable Development

Determining Service Quality improvement priorities in selected Hotels in Kampala city
Tukamushaba Kurobuza Eddy, Makerere University Business School, Uganda
Katongole Celestine, Makerere University Business School, Uganda

Track 22: Graduate Students

Determinants of using Voluntary Counselling and Testing for HIV/AIDS in Kenya
Julie Namazzi, Monash University, Australia

Foreword

The invitation this year was to cogitate on “Repositioning African Business and Development for the 21st Century.” In marketing, repositioning can be defined as altering the way relevant target publics define or perceive an entity or thing in terms of important attributes, relative to others in the same category. In other words, positioning is the act of designing an image for an entity in order to occupy a distinctive place in the target public’s mind. Critical in a repositioning process is the willingness and commitment to change one’s image and perception in people’s minds. Several factors may motivate the need for a repositioning strategy—changes in the general environments; changes in the target public’s expectations; changes in the entity’s own goals, offerings, resources, or capabilities; and competitors’ moves. A good repositioning strategy is a response to observed changes; it aims to maintain or strengthen the entity’s competitive position.

To the best of my knowledge, until recently there has been no controlled and deliberate strategy for African business and development built on specific distinctive advantages aimed at positioning Africa as a whole. In contrast, Africa has generally been in the news for negative reasons. The general perception is that Africa is the poorest continent, the most politically unstable continent with senile dictators who have lost touch with their own starving people, the most corrupt continent, the incubator of AIDS/HIV, and so forth. At the outset of the 21st century some African leaders have finally acknowledged that this unwanted position is neither conducive to development nor propitious to business. These leaders crafted the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) which is a vision and strategic framework for Africa’s renewal. The stated goal of NEPAD is threefold: to place African countries, both individually and collectively, on a path of sustainable growth and development; to halt the marginalization of Africa in the globalization process and enhance its full and beneficial integration into the global economy; and to accelerate the empowerment of women.

Among other things, NEPAD is expected to help Africa achieve the following: (1) become more effective at preventing conflict and establishing enduring peace on the continent; (2) adopt and implement principles of democracy and good political, economic, and corporate governance, as well as protect human rights; (3) develop and implement effective poverty eradication programs and accelerate the pace of achieving the set African development goals, particularly human development; (4) achieve increased levels of domestic savings, as well as investment, both domestic and foreign; (5) achieve desired capacity for policy development, coordination, and negotiation in the international arena to ensure Africa’s beneficial engagement in the global economy, especially in terms of trade and market access issues; (6) realize regional integration and ensure achievement of higher levels of sustainable economic growth in Africa; (7) build and maintain genuine partnerships between Africa and developed countries based on mutual respect and accountability.

I believe NEPAD is the first deliberate and comprehensive framework to reposition Africa. The initiative has been praised by several stakeholders. In the weeks after the framework was released, Africa received positive attention from media around the world. While the initiative is appreciated, the task of effectively changing perceptions of the main attributes generally used to define Africa remains a challenge. After decades of negative perception by several target publics on key attributes such as governance, human rights, poverty, productivity, market size, physical infrastructure, health care, and education, a mere vision and a strategic framework alone are not enough to change beliefs and attitudes toward African business and development. The expected outcomes of NEPAD must be delivered to convince the different publics that the claimed metamorphosis is real and that “Africa’s renewal” is not just an empty slogan or a delusion of a few.

The 76 papers presented in Volume 10 of the IAABD Proceedings were carefully selected with the repositioning of African business and development in mind. These papers all examine key attributes of African business and development at a national, regional, or continental level as outlined in the NEPAD and, in many cases, propose ways of bringing about positive changes. These positive changes are critical if we are to substantiate the claim of “Africa’s renewal” and deliver on NEPAD’s pledges. Perhaps the common message of the papers you are about to read is that repositioning African business and development is a long and comprehensive process that goes beyond marketing. It is a multidisciplinary undertaking that will never stop. It is worth mentioning that not all papers presented at this 10th anniversary conference are published in these proceedings. Some papers were submitted for presentation only; others were accepted for presentation only after a rigorous peer-review process.

I owe a great deal to several individuals who contributed their ideas, energy, time, and scholarly work to the success of this conference and to the publication of these proceedings. My thanks go to the authors who submitted their papers. As well, I am indebted to the track chairs who coordinated the review process in their respective tracks, as well as reviewing and selecting the papers published herein. I would also like to express my sincere thanks to all ad hoc reviewers who worked so quickly and carefully to provide thoughtful reviews to their colleagues.

I owe a special thank you to John Munene and Samuel Sejjaaka, Co-Conference Chairs, and to Yaw Debrah and Emmanuel E. Obuah, Co-Program Chairs, who were instrumental in the organization and success of both this conference and the production of these proceedings.

Finally, my thanks go to Chris Enyinda, President of IAABD, and to the current IAABD Executive Committee for the opportunity to serve as Proceedings Editor for the last two years. As my term ends, I am grateful for the privilege to have served this leading and lively organization.


Simon P. Sigué, Ph.D.
Proceedings Editor